package com.tmt.core.utils;

public class Preconditions {
	private Preconditions() {}

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expression} is false
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(boolean expression) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @param errorMessage the exception message to use if the check fails; will be converted to a
	   *     string using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expression} is false
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(boolean expression,  Object errorMessage) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(errorMessage));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @param errorMessageTemplate a template for the exception message should the check fail. The
	   *     message is formed by replacing each {@code %s} placeholder in the template with an
	   *     argument. These are matched by position - the first {@code %s} gets {@code
	   *     errorMessageArgs[0]}, etc. Unmatched arguments will be appended to the formatted message in
	   *     square braces. Unmatched placeholders will be left as-is.
	   * @param errorMessageArgs the arguments to be substituted into the message template. Arguments
	   *     are converted to strings using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}.
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code expression} is false
	   * @throws NullPointerException if the check fails and either {@code errorMessageTemplate} or
	   *     {@code errorMessageArgs} is null (don't let this happen)
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean expression,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object... errorMessageArgs) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, errorMessageArgs));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving one or more parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkArgument(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkArgument(
	      boolean b,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3,
	       Object p4) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3, p4));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @throws IllegalStateException if {@code expression} is false
	   * @see Verify#verify Verify.verify()
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean expression) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException();
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @param errorMessage the exception message to use if the check fails; will be converted to a
	   *     string using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}
	   * @throws IllegalStateException if {@code expression} is false
	   * @see Verify#verify Verify.verify()
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean expression,  Object errorMessage) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(String.valueOf(errorMessage));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * @param expression a boolean expression
	   * @param errorMessageTemplate a template for the exception message should the check fail. The
	   *     message is formed by replacing each {@code %s} placeholder in the template with an
	   *     argument. These are matched by position - the first {@code %s} gets {@code
	   *     errorMessageArgs[0]}, etc. Unmatched arguments will be appended to the formatted message in
	   *     square braces. Unmatched placeholders will be left as-is.
	   * @param errorMessageArgs the arguments to be substituted into the message template. Arguments
	   *     are converted to strings using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}.
	   * @throws IllegalStateException if {@code expression} is false
	   * @throws NullPointerException if the check fails and either {@code errorMessageTemplate} or
	   *     {@code errorMessageArgs} is null (don't let this happen)
	   * @see Verify#verify Verify.verify()
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean expression,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object... errorMessageArgs) {
	    if (!expression) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, errorMessageArgs));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, char p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, int p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, long p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures the truth of an expression involving the state of the calling instance, but not
	   * involving any parameters to the calling method.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkState(boolean, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  public static void checkState(
	      boolean b,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3,
	       Object p4) {
	    if (!b) {
	      throw new IllegalStateException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3, p4));
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * @param reference an object reference
	   * @return the non-null reference that was validated
	   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code reference} is null
	   * @see Verify#verifyNotNull Verify.verifyNotNull()
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T reference) {
	    if (reference == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException();
	    }
	    return reference;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * @param reference an object reference
	   * @param errorMessage the exception message to use if the check fails; will be converted to a
	   *     string using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}
	   * @return the non-null reference that was validated
	   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code reference} is null
	   * @see Verify#verifyNotNull Verify.verifyNotNull()
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T reference,  Object errorMessage) {
	    if (reference == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(String.valueOf(errorMessage));
	    }
	    return reference;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * @param reference an object reference
	   * @param errorMessageTemplate a template for the exception message should the check fail. The
	   *     message is formed by replacing each {@code %s} placeholder in the template with an
	   *     argument. These are matched by position - the first {@code %s} gets {@code
	   *     errorMessageArgs[0]}, etc. Unmatched arguments will be appended to the formatted message in
	   *     square braces. Unmatched placeholders will be left as-is.
	   * @param errorMessageArgs the arguments to be substituted into the message template. Arguments
	   *     are converted to strings using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}.
	   * @return the non-null reference that was validated
	   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code reference} is null
	   * @see Verify#verifyNotNull Verify.verifyNotNull()
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T reference,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object... errorMessageArgs) {
	    if (reference == null) {
	      // If either of these parameters is null, the right thing happens anyway
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, errorMessageArgs));
	    }
	    return reference;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, char p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, int p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, long p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, char p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, char p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, int p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1, long p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, int p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, char p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, int p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1, long p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate, long p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, char p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, int p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1, long p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,  String errorMessageTemplate,  Object p1,  Object p2) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that an object reference passed as a parameter to the calling method is not null.
	   *
	   * <p>See {@link #checkNotNull(Object, String, Object...)} for details.
	   */
	  
	  public static <T> T checkNotNull(
	      T obj,
	       String errorMessageTemplate,
	       Object p1,
	       Object p2,
	       Object p3,
	       Object p4) {
	    if (obj == null) {
	      throw new NullPointerException(format(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3, p4));
	    }
	    return obj;
	  }

	  /*
	   * All recent hotspots (as of 2009) *really* like to have the natural code
	   *
	   * if (guardExpression) {
	   *    throw new BadException(messageExpression);
	   * }
	   *
	   * refactored so that messageExpression is moved to a separate String-returning method.
	   *
	   * if (guardExpression) {
	   *    throw new BadException(badMsg(...));
	   * }
	   *
	   * The alternative natural refactorings into void or Exception-returning methods are much slower.
	   * This is a big deal - we're talking factors of 2-8 in microbenchmarks, not just 10-20%. (This is
	   * a hotspot optimizer bug, which should be fixed, but that's a separate, big project).
	   *
	   * The coding pattern above is heavily used in java.util, e.g. in ArrayList. There is a
	   * RangeCheckMicroBenchmark in the JDK that was used to test this.
	   *
	   * But the methods in this class want to throw different exceptions, depending on the args, so it
	   * appears that this pattern is not directly applicable. But we can use the ridiculous, devious
	   * trick of throwing an exception in the middle of the construction of another exception. Hotspot
	   * is fine with that.
	   */

	  /**
	   * Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>element</i> in an array, list or string of size
	   * {@code size}. An element index may range from zero, inclusive, to {@code size}, exclusive.
	   *
	   * @param index a user-supplied index identifying an element of an array, list or string
	   * @param size the size of that array, list or string
	   * @return the value of {@code index}
	   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code index} is negative or is not less than {@code size}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
	   */
	  
	  public static int checkElementIndex(int index, int size) {
	    return checkElementIndex(index, size, "index");
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>element</i> in an array, list or string of size
	   * {@code size}. An element index may range from zero, inclusive, to {@code size}, exclusive.
	   *
	   * @param index a user-supplied index identifying an element of an array, list or string
	   * @param size the size of that array, list or string
	   * @param desc the text to use to describe this index in an error message
	   * @return the value of {@code index}
	   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code index} is negative or is not less than {@code size}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
	   */
	  
	  public static int checkElementIndex(int index, int size,  String desc) {
	    // Carefully optimized for execution by hotspot (explanatory comment above)
	    if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
	      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(badElementIndex(index, size, desc));
	    }
	    return index;
	  }

	  private static String badElementIndex(int index, int size, String desc) {
	    if (index < 0) {
	      return format("%s (%s) must not be negative", desc, index);
	    } else if (size < 0) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative size: " + size);
	    } else { // index >= size
	      return format("%s (%s) must be less than size (%s)", desc, index, size);
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>position</i> in an array, list or string of
	   * size {@code size}. A position index may range from zero to {@code size}, inclusive.
	   *
	   * @param index a user-supplied index identifying a position in an array, list or string
	   * @param size the size of that array, list or string
	   * @return the value of {@code index}
	   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code index} is negative or is greater than {@code size}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
	   */
	  
	  public static int checkPositionIndex(int index, int size) {
	    return checkPositionIndex(index, size, "index");
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that {@code index} specifies a valid <i>position</i> in an array, list or string of
	   * size {@code size}. A position index may range from zero to {@code size}, inclusive.
	   *
	   * @param index a user-supplied index identifying a position in an array, list or string
	   * @param size the size of that array, list or string
	   * @param desc the text to use to describe this index in an error message
	   * @return the value of {@code index}
	   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code index} is negative or is greater than {@code size}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
	   */
	  
	  public static int checkPositionIndex(int index, int size,  String desc) {
	    // Carefully optimized for execution by hotspot (explanatory comment above)
	    if (index < 0 || index > size) {
	      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(badPositionIndex(index, size, desc));
	    }
	    return index;
	  }

	  private static String badPositionIndex(int index, int size, String desc) {
	    if (index < 0) {
	      return format("%s (%s) must not be negative", desc, index);
	    } else if (size < 0) {
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative size: " + size);
	    } else { // index > size
	      return format("%s (%s) must not be greater than size (%s)", desc, index, size);
	    }
	  }

	  /**
	   * Ensures that {@code start} and {@code end} specify a valid <i>positions</i> in an array, list
	   * or string of size {@code size}, and are in order. A position index may range from zero to
	   * {@code size}, inclusive.
	   *
	   * @param start a user-supplied index identifying a starting position in an array, list or string
	   * @param end a user-supplied index identifying a ending position in an array, list or string
	   * @param size the size of that array, list or string
	   * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if either index is negative or is greater than {@code size},
	   *     or if {@code end} is less than {@code start}
	   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code size} is negative
	   */
	  public static void checkPositionIndexes(int start, int end, int size) {
	    // Carefully optimized for execution by hotspot (explanatory comment above)
	    if (start < 0 || end < start || end > size) {
	      throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(badPositionIndexes(start, end, size));
	    }
	  }

	  private static String badPositionIndexes(int start, int end, int size) {
	    if (start < 0 || start > size) {
	      return badPositionIndex(start, size, "start index");
	    }
	    if (end < 0 || end > size) {
	      return badPositionIndex(end, size, "end index");
	    }
	    // end < start
	    return format("end index (%s) must not be less than start index (%s)", end, start);
	  }

	  /**
	   * Substitutes each {@code %s} in {@code template} with an argument. These are matched by
	   * position: the first {@code %s} gets {@code args[0]}, etc. If there are more arguments than
	   * placeholders, the unmatched arguments will be appended to the end of the formatted message in
	   * square braces.
	   *
	   * @param template a non-null string containing 0 or more {@code %s} placeholders.
	   * @param args the arguments to be substituted into the message template. Arguments are converted
	   *     to strings using {@link String#valueOf(Object)}. Arguments can be null.
	   */
	  // Note that this is somewhat-improperly used from Verify.java as well.
	  static String format(String template,  Object... args) {
	    template = String.valueOf(template); // null -> "null"

	    // start substituting the arguments into the '%s' placeholders
	    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(template.length() + 16 * args.length);
	    int templateStart = 0;
	    int i = 0;
	    while (i < args.length) {
	      int placeholderStart = template.indexOf("%s", templateStart);
	      if (placeholderStart == -1) {
	        break;
	      }
	      builder.append(template, templateStart, placeholderStart);
	      builder.append(args[i++]);
	      templateStart = placeholderStart + 2;
	    }
	    builder.append(template, templateStart, template.length());

	    // if we run out of placeholders, append the extra args in square braces
	    if (i < args.length) {
	      builder.append(" [");
	      builder.append(args[i++]);
	      while (i < args.length) {
	        builder.append(", ");
	        builder.append(args[i++]);
	      }
	      builder.append(']');
	    }

	    return builder.toString();
	  }
}
